摘要
齿廓偏差测量，又名齿形测量，通常是在渐开线检查仪上进行测量的。渐开线检查仪可分为万能渐开线检查仪和单盘式渐开线检查仪。单盘式渐开线检查仪是用比较法进行齿廓偏差测量的，即将被测齿廓与理论渐开线进行比较，从而得出齿廓偏差。
随着工业化、信息化的不断进步，测量技术也日新月异。以前的单盘式渐开线检查仪暴露了一些缺点，例如测量齿轮时记录装置是一个百分表，齿轮每转过一定角度读取一个读数，不能连续测量记录。没有智能化和现代化的检测方法，就不能得到高精度的齿轮。
本文通过对国内外产品的调研，查阅相关资料手册等，完成了单盘齿廓测量仪的设计。主要包括前期的设计准备工作：通过查阅文献、科学调研等学习了解齿廓测量原理；之后对于单盘齿廓测量仪设计整体方案的创成和优化。用电感传感器代替测量装置，用步进电机代替手轮传动。确定用单片机系统控制步进电机转动，扩展显示器显示齿形误差数值并将结果打印出来。最后，根据之前的设计成果，对机械结构进行设计和零件的设计校核，还要进行二维图纸（包括总装图和零件图）的建立等。
关键词: 渐开线，齿廓，单盘，偏差




Abstract
The tooth profile deviation measurement, also known as tooth profile measurement, is usually measured on an involute tester. Involute testers can be divided into universal involute testers and single disk involute testers. The single disk involute tester uses a comparative method to measure the tooth profile deviation, that is, to compare the measured tooth profile with the theoretical involute curve to obtain the tooth profile deviation.
With the continuous progress of industrialization and informatization, measurem-
ent technology is changing with each passing day. The previous single disk involute tester revealed some disadvantages. For example, when the gear is measured, the recording device is a dial indicator. Every time the gear reads a reading through a certain angle, it cannot record continuously. Without intelligent and modern detection methods, high-precision gears cannot be obtained.
This article through the investigation of domestic and foreign products, access to relevant information manuals, etc., to complete the design of a single disk profile measurement instrument.It mainly includes the preliminary design preparation work: learning the principles of tooth profile measurement by consulting literature, scientific research, etc.; and then designing and optimizing the overall plan for the single disk profile measuring instrument. Replace the measuring device with an inductive sensor and replace the hand wheel drive with a stepper motor. It is determined that the stepper motor rotation is controlled by the single-chip microcomputer system, the extended display shows the tooth profile error value, and the result is printed out. Finally, based on the previous design results, the design of the mechanical structure and the design of the parts were checked, and the two-dimensional drawings (including the assembly drawing and the parts drawing) were also established.
Keyword: involute，tooth profile，single disk，deviation



目录
摘要	ii
Abstract	iii
第1章 绪论	1
1.1 课题研究内容和意义	1
1.2 典型的齿廓测量仪	1
1.3 齿形测量国内外发展动态和未来研究方向	2
1.3.1发展动态	2
1.3.2未来研究方向	3
第2章 总体设计原理和方案	5
2.1设计要求	5
2.2设计原理	5
2.2.1渐开线的定义及特点	5
2.2.2渐开线理论在齿形检查仪上的应用	7
2.3总体设计方案	7
2.3.1老式单盘齿廓检查仪简介	7
2.3.2主要设计	9
2.3.3测量流程	9
第3章 系统硬件电路设计	11
3.1单片机系统部分	11
3.1.1单片机系统简述	11
3.1.2 AT89C51功能介绍	11
3.2单片机扩展	13
3.2.1时钟振荡器	13
3.2.2复位电路	14
3.2.3 8155扩展器	14
3.2.4 74LS138	15
3.2.4 74LS373	16
3.2.5 2732程序存储器	16
3.2.6 6116数据存储器	17
3.2.7 键盘显示器扩展	17
3.2.8 低通滤波和采样保持电路	17
3.2.9 A/D转换器	17
第4章 机械部分的设计	21
4.1导向机构	21
4.2传动机构	21
4.3 驱动设计	22
第5章 机械部分的校核计算	23
5.1滚珠丝杠的设计计算	23
5.1.1 X方向滚珠丝杠承载零件质量	23
5.1.2 滚珠丝杠的预选择和支撑方式	23
5.1.3 滚珠丝杠的校核	25
5.2轴承的设计计算	27
第6章 电机与联轴器的选择	29
6.1步进电机的选型计算	29
6.2联轴器的选择	31
第7章 经济与环保性分析	33
第8章 收获与展望	35
8.1收获	35
8.2展望	35
参考文献	37
结束语	39
附录	41